A barony is an administrative division of a country, usually of lower rank and importance than a county. Countries or their counties can include baronies. Originally, a barony was the land subject to a baron. Just as counties are no longer necessarily connected with a noble earl or count, there are baronies which are not connected with a baron anymore.
Instances include:
Baronies of Ireland, a former unit of administration in Ireland, below the level of the counties and latterly not usually associated with any baronial title.