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Piawi

Geographic
distribution: Papua New Guinea

Genetic
classification: a primary family of Papuan languages

Subdivisions:
Hagahai

Haruai

The Piawi languages are a small independent family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Würm's Trans-New Guinea proposal.

1 Classification
2 Pronouns
3 See also
4 References

Classification

Piawi consists of only two languages:

Piawi family: Hagahai (Pinai), Haruai (Waibuk)

Davies and Comrie 1985 noted some pronominal similarities with the Engan languages in Trans-New Guinea, which Ross took into consideration, but no lexical similarities. Comrie believes the family is as isolate. According to Ross, connections with Ramu languages such as Arafundi appear more promising.

Pronouns

Below is a comparison of proto-Piawi, proto-Ramu, Arafundi, and proto-North Engan pronouns, per Ross. Initial nasals are ubiquitous, and indeed are very common throughout New Guinea, so they are in themselves not good evidence of a relationship.

	"I"	"thou"	"s/he"	"we two"	"you two"	"we"	"you"
pPiawi	*ni-ga	*na-ga	*nu-ga	*(n)ane-ga-li(mi)	*ni-ga-li(mi)	ane-ga, nane-ga	*ni-ga
pRamu	aŋko, ni	un, nu	*man	*a-ŋk-a	*(n)o-ŋk-oa	a-ni, na-ni	u-ni, nu-ni
Arafundi	ɲiŋ	nan	nda	aci	niɲi	aŋ	nuŋ
pN Engan	*na-ba	*ne-ba	*-ba	*na-li-ba	*ɲa-li-mba	*na-ni-ma	ɲa-ma, ɲa-ka-ma

Both Engan and Piawi have a dual suffix *li.

References

Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". in Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Robin Hide, Jack Golson, eds.. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. pp. 15-66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.